economic importance of coconut

The fruit is adapted for ocean dispersal. [160], Coir (the fiber from the husk of the coconut) is used in ropes, mats, doormats, brushes, and sacks, as caulking for boats, and as stuffing fiber for mattresses. The coconut palm thrives on sandy soils and is highly tolerant of salinity. Dried copra gives 60 to 67% oil and 33-40% oil cake. Linguistic, archaeological, and genetic evidence all point to the early domestication of Pacific coconuts by the Austronesian peoples in maritime Southeast Asia during the Austronesian expansion (c.3000 to 1500BCE). Its BRIX level is 16 [sugars] compared to 12 in sugarcane juice. Perianth Tepals 6 arranged in two whorls of three each, persistent and polyphyllous showing valvate aestivation in both the whorls. The coir is used to make brooms in Cambodia.[158]. Apart from the importance of copra and coconut oil which is widely used in the manufacture of soaps, hair oil, cosmetics and other value-added & industrial products, its husk is a source offibrewhich supports a sizable coir industry. [153], The husk and shells can be used for fuel and are a source of charcoal. Dried coconut flesh is called copra, and the oil and milk derived from it are commonly used in cooking frying in particular as well as in soaps and cosmetics. It can be eaten as food or used as medicine. Studies have shown that coconut oil can help in significant reduction in belly fat. [131][86], Coconut milk powder, a protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation, and spray drying. It provides the hair with natural shine and softness. However their original distribution was in the Central Indo-Pacific, in the regions of Maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. Bangalore, Karnataka 560025, Monday to Friday 9:30 AM 5:30 PM Some seasonal variation is tolerated, with good growth where mean summer temperatures are between 28 and 37C (82 and 99F), and survival as long as winter temperatures are above 412C (3954F); they will survive brief drops to 0C (32F). Economic importance of coconut pdf - Znvyi Nutrition Facts: Vegetable Oil, Coconut. The coconut fruit is an important economic commodity for many countries around the world. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. Its meat fills the entire interior of the coconut shell, rather than just the inner surfaces. Palm. However, they can be eaten anytime after seven months (1, 2). Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. It supplies food, drink and shelter and also supplies raw material to number of industries intimately connected with domestic as well as economic life. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. The coconut industry also generates employment and supports local businesses, contributing to the overall economic development of these communities. It allows toxins to be thrown out of stomach. Handwritten notes availableIf you find any doubt then you can ask me in the comment section below Please do like,share, comment the video and subscr. Palm wine is distilled to produce arrack. The fruit, meat, water, and milk of the coconut are all widely consumed as part of the diet in many parts of the world. The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. Although it shares similar characteristics to dwarf coconuts (including slow growth), it is genetically distinct and is thus believed to be independently domesticated, likely in Tonga. The fats in the coconut minimize the pores that attract dirt and bacteria and prevent skin from getting damaged. But we had laid about half among the special provisions below deck, with the waves washing around them. In order to resolve this enigma, a 2014 study proposed that the ancestors of Cocos had likely originated on the Caribbean coast of what is now Colombia, and during the Eocene the ancestral Cocos performed a long-distance dispersal across the Atlantic Ocean to North Africa. Based on linguistic evidence, the absence of words for coconut in the Taiwanese Austronesian languages makes it likely that the Austronesian coconut culture developed only after Austronesians started colonizing the Philippines. Research into countermeasures to these pests has as of 2009[update] yielded no results; researchers from the Kerala Agricultural University and the Central Plantation Crop Research Institute, Kasaragode, continue to work on countermeasures. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. Riung Wangi III No.53, Bandung, West Java. Malauhog has a "solid" sound when tapped, while Malakanin and Malakatad produce a "hollow" sound. 2022 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Mature coconuts, ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 300450 mm (1218 inches) in length and 150200 mm (68 inches) in diameter, have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the familiar single-seeded nut of commerce. Sri Lanka established its Coconut Development Authority and Coconut Cultivation Board and Coconut Research Institute in the early British Ceylon period.[109]. In Thailand, the coconut husk is used as a potting medium to produce healthy forest tree saplings. A hard shell encloses the embryo with its abundant endosperm, composed of both meat and liquid. Self Magazine. Sweet coconut sap can be made into drinks or fermented into palm wine or coconut vinegar. A hard shell encloses the embryo with its abundant endosperm, composed of both meat and liquid. Every day, thousands of coconuts are broken, and some devotees break as many as 108 coconuts at a time as per the prayer. The traditional coconut farming in these countries is an integral part of their life, culture and identity. [57] If they were naturally distributed and had been in the Pacific for a thousand years or so, then we would expect the eastern shore of Australia, with its own islands sheltered by the Great Barrier Reef, to have been thick with coconut palms: the currents were directly into, and down along this coast. Fancy utensil can be prepare from shell. [125] These can be toasted or baked to make bacon-like fixings. Your energy will be boosted and the thyroid gland hormones production will be enhanced. The coconut is also a popular ingredient in many types of cuisine, including Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Caribbean dishes. Samosir (eds.) Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. It is an important commercial product obtained from the husk of coconut. [72] Yellowing diseases affect plantations in Africa, India, Mexico, the Caribbean and the Pacific Region. In the Philippines, this alcoholic drink is called lambanog (historically also called vino de coco in Spanish) or "coconut vodka". Coconuts were also later spread in historic times along the coasts of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans by South Asian, Arab, and European sailors. The importance of the coconut in Austronesian cultures is evidenced by shared terminology of even very specific parts and uses of coconuts, which were carried outwards from the Philippines during the Austronesian migrations. [44], Coconuts have a nearly cosmopolitan distribution due to human cultivation and dispersal. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosp Agriculture Industry In the past, the harvesting of coconuts and their husks was considered part of the waste or for burning fuel, and they did not have much economic benefit. [4], A study in 2011 identified two highly genetically differentiated subpopulations of coconuts, one originating from Island Southeast Asia (the Pacific group) and the other from the southern margins of the Indian subcontinent (the Indo-Atlantic group). Nearly one third of the world's population depends on coconut for nutrition and trade. The coconut palm is an important crop in many tropical countries, providing food products and raw materials for industries (Jones, 1991). (January 27, 1967). Coconut Oil May Help Treat Acne Because coconut oil and its components may help reduce inflammation in the body, it may also aid in the treatment of acne. He consulted the catalogue Herbarium Amboinense by Georg Eberhard Rumphius where Rumphius said that coccus was a homonym of coccum and coccus from Greek kokkos meaning "grain"[41] or "berry", but Romans identified coccus with "kermes insects"; Rumphius preferred the word cocus as a replacement. However, they can be found in humid areas with low annual precipitation such as in Karachi, Pakistan, which receives only about 250mm (9+34in) of rainfall per year, but is consistently warm and humid. [157] The shell and husk can be burned for smoke to repel mosquitoes[156] and are used in parts of South India for this purpose. Coconut is an important food crop produced worldwide and is a palm family member. Neera is fast becoming a popular drink. The boiled young seedlings of Borassus flabellifer palmyra palm are edible and its fruits are eaten raw. However, to exploit these opportunities there must be synergy created among private sector, public sector, research, technical actors and alignment of resources, objectives and targets," Mr Ferretti had remarked in his roadmap presentation. [116], It is one of the most useful trees in the world.[16]. Do you know 80 million poor people depend directly on coconut for their livelihood in 90 countries? Ingredient Lists); Major Food Allergens (food source names and examples)", "How to Tell When Coconuts Are Ripe on the Tree", "When Are Coconuts Ripe: Do Coconuts Ripen After They Are Picked", "ICC Quality Standard: Desiccated Coconut", "Exporting desiccated coconuts to Europe", "Full Report (All Nutrients): 12117, Nuts, coconut milk, raw (liquid expressed from grated meat and water)", "Ginataang Manok (Chicken Stewed in Coconut Milk) Filipino Recipe! "Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats". [citation needed], Indonesia is the world's largest producer of coconuts, with gross production of 15million tonnes. Coconuts can only be grown in temperatures above 18C (64F) and need a daily temperature above 22C (72F) to produce fruit. One recently selected cultivar, the 'Maypan', has been bred for resistance to this disease. Global Coconut production yields 6 million tons in coconut oil equivalent annually and 70% is produced by Philippines, Indonesia and India, Coconut area as a % of viable arable and permanent cropland. the coconut indu stry of g reat economic imp orta nce. Be notified when an answer is posted. Economic Importance of Coconut Oil | Bizfluent The study contended that an adaptation to coral atolls would explain the prehistoric and modern distributions of Cocos, would have provided the necessary evolutionary pressures, and would account for morphological factors such as a thick husk to protect against ocean degradation and provide a moist medium in which to germinate on sparse atolls. The edible white, fleshy part of the seed (the endosperm) is known as the "coconut meat", "coconut flesh", or "coconut kernel. This ritual, known as niniyogan, is an offering made to the deceased and one's ancestors. Flowers are protandrous, the female flowers open, after the male flowers have withered. [34][35][36][37] Coco and coconut apparently came from 1521 encounters by Portuguese and Spanish explorers with Pacific Islanders, with the coconut shell reminding them of a ghost or witch in Portuguese folklore called coco (also cca). The shells of the coconut can also be used to create charcoal, which has a variety of industrial and domestic uses. [58] They may grow but not fruit properly in areas with insufficient warmth, such as Bermuda. [18][49] However, they may have also been partially selected for thicker husks for coir production, which was also important in Austronesian material culture as a source for cordage in building houses and boats. [59], Coconuts today can be grouped into two highly genetically distinct subpopulations: the Indo-Atlantic group originating from southern India and nearby regions (including Sri Lanka, the Laccadives, and the Maldives); and the Pacific group originating from the region between maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." ", "The Alcohol Industry of the Philippine Islands Part II: Distilled Liquors; their Consumption and Manufacture", "Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association", "The effect of coconut oil consumption on cardiovascular risk factors (Systematic review)", "Coconut oil consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in humans", "Hans van Amsterdam: Coconut Cup with Cover (17.190.622ab) Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "Remembering PT-109: A carved walking stick evokes ship commander John F. Kennedy's dramatic rescue at sea", "MO63.4852 Coconut shell paperweight with PT109 rescue message", "The chemical composition and biological properties of coconut (, "Data sheet about delta-decalactone and its properties", "Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus", "Aussie scientists find coconut-carrying octopus", "A tool-wielding octopus? The liquid of the nut, known as coconut water, is used in beverages. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Coconut meal leftovers from oil and milk production feeds livestock. For the ProRodeo Hall of Fame bucking horse, see, Geographical distributions of Indo-Atlantic and Pacific coconut subpopulations and their genetic composition (Gunn, Inferred historical introduction of coconuts from the original centers of diversity in the, "Grated coconut" redirects here. Nevertheless, the authors Gomez-Navarro et al. It prefers areas with abundant sunlight and regular rainfall (1,5002,500mm[5998in] annually), which makes colonizing shorelines of the tropics relatively straightforward. Overall, unsweetened coconut meat makes a great addition to a balanced diet. [121][122], Both Malauhog and Malakanin coconut meat of immature fruits can be eaten as is or used in salads, drinks, desserts, and pastries such as buko pie and es kelapa muda. [3][4] It has also acquired religious significance in South Asian cultures, where it is used in Hindu rituals. The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. The various parts of the coconut have a number of culinary uses. Due to the performance of coconut in the economy as the major source of income, it is considered as a predictor of the general economic activity of the country. Coconut oil has anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for irritated, chafed skin. Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. in semiotics from Brown University and completed coursework for an M.A. [45] They are now almost ubiquitous between 26N and 26S except for the interiors of Africa and South America. Sri Lanka is the world's fourth-largest producer of coconuts and is the second-largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 15% of the global production. They can also be cooked in sugar and eaten as a dessert in the Philippines known as bukayo.[117][123][124][125][126]. [14][16][17], Coconut fruits have two distinctive forms depending on domestication. In the Philippines, the traditional tool is known as the halabas and is made from a long bamboo pole with a sickle-like blade mounted at the tip. The coconut was a critical food item for the people of Polynesia, and the Polynesians brought it with them as they spread to new islands.[170]. The coconut populations in the island show genetic admixture between the two subpopulations indicating that Pacific coconuts were brought by the Austronesian settlers that later interbred with the local Indo-Atlantic coconuts. It kills bacteria in the mouth and reduces bad breath. But research on them is still ongoing to determine which of them (if any) actually belong to the genus Cocos. Some cultivars such as 'Fiji dwarf' form a large bulb at the lower stem and others are cultivated to produce very sweet coconut water with orange-colored husks (king coconut) used entirely in fruit stalls for drinking (Sri Lanka, India). Coconut trees also are increasingly grown for decorative purposes along the coasts of the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia with the help of irrigation. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. Coconut (Cocos nucifera). [134], Newly germinated coconuts contain a spherical edible mass known as the sprouted coconut or coconut sprout. [33], Coconuts are susceptible to the phytoplasma disease, lethal yellowing. [78] Manually climbing trees is traditional in most countries and requires a specific posture that exerts pressure on the trunk with the feet. The original one is held each October in Greenwich. After the first six to nine years, the coconut palm bears fruit, producing roughly 50 fruits per tree per year, up to 300. [23] The root system consists of an abundance of thin roots that grow outward from the plant near the surface. This accompanies the palagip (prayer to the dead). They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Virgin coconut oil is predicted to experience high demand from consumers with higher health consciousness and as well as aging population. While theres no direct way to make your hair grow faster overnight, there are steps you can take to keep your hair healthy and long. Androecium Absent but staminodes are present. Fishermen give an offering of coconut to the sea to celebrate the beginning of a new fishing season. [151][152], Coconut butter is often used to describe solidified coconut oil, but has also been adopted as an alternate name for creamed coconut, a specialty product made of coconut milk solids or pured coconut meat and oil.[117]. However, the word cocus could also mean "cook" like coquus in Latin,[42] so Linnaeus chose Cocos directly from the Portuguese word coco instead. Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Learn how and when to remove this template message, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, "Rise in coconut yield, farming area put India on top", "How Long Does It Take for a Coconut Tree to Get Coconuts? The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, the coconut and African oil palms have important roles in international trade as sources of vegetable oil and fat. Efficient utilisation of resources: Fruit production allows for more efficient resource utilisation because it is a perennial crop, allowing growers to remain actively involved in farm operations throughout the year and to utilise all available resources and assets such as machinery, labour and land for production purposes throughout the year, as opposed to agronomic crops. Choti Holi 2023: When is Choti Holi 2023? Here's all you need to know Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. [150] Its chronic consumption may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases by raising total blood cholesterol levels through elevated blood levels of LDL cholesterol and lauric acid. Based on color and size, younger coconuts tend to be smaller and have brighter colors, while more mature coconuts have browner colors and are larger. [73], The coconut palm is damaged by the larvae of many Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species which feed on it, including the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) and Batrachedra spp. [136][137] In the Philippines, sweetened reduced coconut milk is marketed as coconut syrup and is used for various desserts. [1] The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut")[2] can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. Lagos and the coconut connection - The Guardian Nigeria News 2) The Wet Meat or Kernel: The kernel or endospermis an important article of food being used in culinary purpose. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. [12], Botanically, the coconut fruit is a drupe, not a true nut. [97], The Philippines is the world's second-largest producer of coconuts. [49][18][61], The niu kafa form is the wild ancestral type, with thick husks to protect the seed, an angular, highly ridged shape to promote buoyancy during ocean dispersal, and a pointed base that allowed fruits to dig into the sand, preventing them from being washed away during germination on a new island. Virgin coconut oil (VCO), extracted from fresh coconut kernel using the cold press method, that produces the finest and purest grade coconut oil with maximum retention of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and anti-oxidants, thus making it the mother of all oils. [49][50], Genetic studies of coconuts have also confirmed pre-Columbian populations of coconuts in Panama in South America. PETA later clarified that the use of macaques is not practiced in the Philippines, India, Brazil, Colombia, Hawaii, and other major coconut-producing regions. They were commonly carried by Spanish ships as a source of fresh water. (2006). The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur under Kerala Agricultural University has developed an innovative extension approach called the compact area group approach to combat coconut mites. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosperm so that it remains soft and this has become the characteristic of the nut. It increases bold circulation in the kidneys and cause profuse dieresis. A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. They provided a portable source of both food and water, allowing Austronesians to survive long sea voyages to colonize new islands as well as establish long-range trade routes. Hearts of palm are eaten in salads, sometimes called "millionaire's salad". Lately, civil wars and crop failures have driven up the EU Rotterdam coconut oil price, which has doubled during 2010-2011, nearing $2,000 per tonne, according to the UK Grocer. What are the economic importance of coconut? - Answers Coconut requires low to no inputs within an existing land use area unchanged in 100 years. Several countries economies are based on the coconut palm. In many parts of the world, the cultivation and sale of coconuts is a major source of income, especially for those living in rural areas. Thailand has been raising and training pig-tailed macaques to pick coconuts for around 400years. Female flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, pistillate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and hypogynous. Food Industry Coconut is known as a common ingredient in food processing. However, like most palm fossils, Cocos-like fossils are still putative, as they are usually difficult to identify. [174], The flowers are used sometimes in wedding ceremonies in Cambodia. Coconut is the most versatile tree in the world and is known as "the tree of life". Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. She has worked in some of the worlds most prestigious kitchens, and has published several cookbooks that have become bestsellers. Gatchalian et al 1994 developed a sonometry technique for precisely determining the stage of ripeness of young coconuts. 1) Coconut Water: It is liquid endosperm. [40], Carl Linnaeus first wanted to name the coconut genus Coccus from latinizing the Portuguese word coco, because he saw works of other botanists in middle of the 17th century use the name as well. Since these fruits are likewise high in fat, they can help your body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including vitamins A, D, E, and K. Coconut is the fruit of the coconut palm. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk orcoconut oil. [71] They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years (the Caribbean native inhabitants do not have a dialect term for them, but use the Portuguese name), but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America antedates Columbus's arrival in the Americas. [49], Coconuts can be broadly divided into two fruit types the ancestral niu kafa form with a thick-husked, angular fruit, and the niu vai form with a thin-husked, spherical fruit with a higher proportion of endosperm. Hemera Technologies/Photos.com/Getty Images. Coconuts take 12 months to fully mature and ripen. [84] Modern methods use hydraulic elevators mounted on tractors or ladders. The export of spices generates foreign exchange earnings of Rs. All rights reserved. Aids in hydration. [144], Coconut sap, usually extracted from cut inflorescence stalks is sweet when fresh and can be drunk as is such as in tuba fresca of Mexico (derived from the Philippine tub). This pattern coincides with the known trade routes of Austronesian sailors. [177], Some South Asian, Southeast Asian, and Pacific Ocean cultures have origin myths in which the coconut plays the main role. On many islands, coconut is a staple in the diet. Coconut oil is one of nine internationally traded vegetable oils and ranks eighth in global production. C. binoriensis has been claimed by their authors to be the earliest known fossil of Cocos nucifera. Coconuts are high in fiber, which helps bulk up your stool and supports bowel regularity, keeping your digestive system healthy ( 6 , 17 ). in semiotics from Brown University and completed coursework for an M.A. Severe frost is usually fatal, although they have been known to recover from temperatures of 4C (25F).