Geographically similar to Switzerland, Austria is the number one European Union destination for Germans. 1896. However, most of the German immigrants settled on the land, along the coast and on the Darling Downs, where they played a significant role in . The History Link Project - Trace your ancesters! Assisted immigration 1848 to 1912 Data usability rating : Contains open format machine-readable open data. More than 250,000 Germans emigrate from Germany each year, according to German government statistics. Existing Wikitree profiles are underlined. Neg 10122, Family of Carl Heuschele and his wife Anna in Middle Ridge, Queensland. It was reported in a local newspaper of the time that the newly arrived emigrants on the ship were from the linen-producing Prussian province of Silesia. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. The first German language newspaper in Australia, Die Deutsche Post, was founded in Adelaide c. 6 January 1848.[7]. The district was known as Jardine because this was name given to the Parish of land. The German-Queenslanders - A Celebration The Cultural Contribution Since the 1850s until the present time German immigrants and their descendants, the German-Queenslanders, have made and are still making an enormous and significant contribution to the cultural landscape of our great State. Lov'd land of plenty, - land of wealth and ease. Still linger in our memories, and round our bosoms cling. The State of Queensland (State Library of Queensland) 2023. The German presence in Queensland - Proceedings of an International Symposium August 24, 25 and 26, 1987. (12.02.2019), While the United States took the top spot, Germany came in second as the largest single destination for migrants. Meyer, C 1990, A history of Germans in Australia-1839-1945. The barque San Francisco (a three masted barque of 450 tons (nm) built in Bjornberg, Sweden in 1846 and owned by JC Godeffroy & Sons) landed a number of emigrants in South Australia on 14 October 1850 on 15 (or perhaps 23) June 1850 after leaving Hamburg. This period was, though, a time of particularly high emigration from Germany (overpopulation in some states, fear of being caught up in Prussia's wars against Denmark, Austria and France), and Queensland's immigration program benefited from this. Though a cloud rests on her commerce, and threatening storms appear. The mostly German settled Banat area was once part of the Austrian Empire and is now divided among Romania, Yugoslavia and Hungary. Every evening at 1830 UTC, DW's editors send out a selection of the day's hard news and quality feature journalism. This group settled predominantly at Glen Osmond. Since 1950 there have only been a few years in which more people emigrated from than immigrated to Germany. They farmed immediately and took the produce into Brisbane for their first income. I've found the ship. Heuler did a good job and Germans arrived in Queensland in large numbers over the next decade and more, mainly in family groups. [2], The following announcement, repeated in German, was in the The Darling Downs Gazette and General Advertiser on 13 March 1862:[3], When the first census was taken in the newly formed Commonwealth of Australia, there were 38,352 Australians born in Germany, of which 13,163 were Queenslanders. The State of Queensland (State Library of Queensland) 2023, Couple and 13 feet high corn at Manitzky's Farm, Teutoberg, Blackall Range, c 1899. He arrived in Brisbane on 11 Jan 1887 on the "Merkara" from Hamburg via London (departed 16 Nov 1886) aged 16. I think her interest and knowledge could be very helpful for us. Over a quarter of a million people ignored these admonitions and travelled to the northeastern Australian colony in the 40 years preceding federation in 1901. Somehow, I hope that the two can be merged into a single space. I still have a couple of profiles to do for those babies. Stanley Place, South Brisbane Queensland 4101, Australia. Immigrant passenger arrivals in South Australia (usually at Port Adelaide) from Australian ports up to 1847, UK & Ireland up to 1850 and Germany up to 1858, totaling more than 2,000 voyages. Born in Dresden in 1802, he arrived in South Australia on the Hermann von Beckerath in 1847. Perhaps a merge would be a good idea. Passenger Lists Immigration South Australia, index. Couples should both be included, as they have different ancestors. Christian's son, William stayed in Roma where he married and raised a family. Your work is greatly appreciated! I will see if I can assist the group collect information. The defining feature of colonial Queensland was its high immigrant population. There was a sizeable urban community of merchants, tradesmen and labourers living in and around Brisbane. Judy Park, I will recheck my contact with that Gympie church, though .. see if there is any further news on that front. There possibly could have been family or people known to the family when he arrived at age 16 which is what I'm keen to investigate further and hoping someone in the group might have some onformation about. Here, far from poverty and factious broil, Plenty and peace repay the labourers toil; -. Your IP: This meeting decided to bring German workers direct to the Moreton Bay (Brisbane), rather than through Sydney. Immigration in numbers continued up to the mid 1870s but in Germany, confederation, the formation of an industrial empire, and the migration laws and harsh military service regulations discouraged immigration. The family were pioneers of the Logan Agricultural Reserve. The first two German immigrant ships, Marbs and the Aurora, arrived on 22 March 1855 at Moreton Bay (Brisbane) direct from Hamburg, with almost 1000 German settlers, mainly from the Tauber River Valley in southern Germany. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. I am going to look for passengers on Merkera. Can you improve existing Profiles? By the end of the year, the first Agent for Immigration, Henry Jordan, had arrived in England to recruit new settlers. I am very new to Wikitree and just learning how it all works. There had been 47 deaths on the ships due to outbreaks of typhus, cholera and measles. They share a border, they theoretically speak the same language . These indexes were created from the Registers of immigrant ships arrivals in Queensland ports as kept and used by the Immigration Department from 1848 to 1912. German settlers in South Australia came under attack during the Boer War (1899 - 1902 . Can you discuss the possibility of a merge with German immigrants became prominent in settling South Australia and Queensland. We welcome relevant, respectful comments. I have sent a private message. Switzerland. Rebecca Vonhoff (Volume editor). [2], Prominent figure to German Settlement in Queensland is Johann Heussler, immigration agent (who later became a member of the Legislative Council of Queensland). Summary. Thank heaven, a building of so dark a shade, In this glad land hath never rais'd its head, -. And we like your mountains blue, and your warm and sunny clime; Right thankfully we press the soil we travelled, for - but yet, Our dear, our native England we never can forget. I have a pdf of the front page of the passenger list for that 1887 trip and his entry on page 17 of that list but I don't think I can send that to you via this messaging system can I? ). In 1901, by far the largest contingent - 50% - originated in English counties with the Irish contributing 25% and the Scots and Germans about 13% each. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. When the first Census of the Colony of Queensland was taken on 7 April, 1861, there were 1,562 males and 562 females living in Queensland who were born in Germany, of whom 1,049 males and 296 females were from Rural Portions of Police DistrictsGermany was the largest foreign European contributor to Queensland's population with an undesirable, disproportionate number of females to males. By 1835 many dissenting Old Lutheran groups (see project for names list here) were looking to emigration as a means to finding religious freedom. The Canary Islands and the east coast of the mainland are also a major attraction for sun-starved Germans. This committee sent Johann Christian Heuler(Heussler), a successful German businessman in Brisbane, to Germany to recruit immigrants for Queensland. Although humanitarian migration has significantly dropped, family and labor migration are on the rise. From October 1851 to July 1852 Lord, who had been educated in Germany, advertised in the Moreton Bay Courier, offering to landowners his services as an unofficial immigration agent. (arrived 7 August [7]), 1863 Sept. 9. Nevertheless, 17,360 Germans migrants arrived in Queensland between 1861 and 1879. All rights reserved.ISSN 1838-708X, Distinctiveness: how Queensland is a distinctive landscape and culture, Perceptions: how people understand the landscape, Mapping the Torres Strait: from TI to Magani Malu and Zenadh Kes, Aboriginal heroes: episodes in the colonial landscape, Cane fields and solidarity in the multiethnic north, Greek Cafs in the landscape of Queensland, Hispanics and human rights in Queenslands public spaces, Queensland for the best kind of population, primary producers, Too remote, too primitive and too expensive: Scandinavian settlers in colonial Queensland, Movement: how people move through the landscape, Mobile kids: childrens explorations of Cherbourg, Passages to India: military linkages with Queensland, Pathways: how things move through the landscape and where they are made, Aboriginal dreaming paths and trading ways, Chinese traders in the nineteenth century, Red Cross Society and World War I in Queensland, A little bit of love for me and a murder for my old man: the Queensland Bush Book Club, Dividing Queensland - Pauline Hansons One Nation Party, High water mark: the shifting electoral landscape 2001-12, Stone walls do a prison make: law on the landscape. GERMAN CITZENSHIP. 184 German Immigrants: 107 single men, four single women, the rest married couples. My connection is via Christian Batzloff's daughter Whilhelmina. More than 450,000 German citizens now live in Switzerland, largely in and around German-speaking Zrich. Germantown Road, in the Mena Creek district of South Johnstone, supported a number of German farmers who grew sugarcane. (I can't remember if he has my email or not.). Germans are voracious travelers and move around the world. Start a new name study? To become a German citizen you must: (1) reside in Germany usually for a minimum of five years, (2) demonstrate a sufficient command of German, and (3) pass a citizenship test. Queensland Becomes a Separate State. Performance & security by Cloudflare. Image APE-064-0001-0014, Wedding guests and bridal party at a German wedding, Ropeley ca. John Oxley Library, State Library. The latter emigration led to the formation of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod, today the second largest Lutheran denomination in the U.S.; and the Evangelical Synod of the West, a predecessor body of The United Church of Christ. To plug the gap, Germany will need 146,000 workers per year from non-EU countries. Croatian and Slav pioneers of South Australia and Victoria. The following Wikitree category shows a similar mail run: No worries or rush. Charles also lived out his life in Roma. Useful External Links Can you add to this list? http://www.qgso.qld.gov.au/products/reports/census-colony-qld/census-colony-qld-1861.pdf, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article75468018, http://blogs.slq.qld.gov.au/jol/2015/10/06/germans-in-queensland-history-in-pictures/, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19579946, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article21876949, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3166355, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3165639, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13083075, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1262087, Send a private message to the Profile Manager, Queensland, Immigrants from German Confederation, Public Comments: CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. (Best for messages specifically directed to those editing this profile. Like previous German emigrants to South Australia, the passengers then dispersed throughout the colony. Sixty-three German passengers from Silesia, Prussia arrived March 31 on the GH Wappaus. The bride was Miss Johanna Nauman, daughter of Mrs. M. Nauman, of Warwick, and the bridegroom Mr. Leopold Schultz, son of Mr. Charles Schultz, a farmer of Ropeley, near Gatton. This book deals with immigration processes of Germans who have arrived in Australia since 1945. Is much more than a page that should be merely linked to this space (Prussian_and_German_Settlement_in_Queensland). Your email address will not be published. The language is even closer than Swiss German and there are fewer restrictions for living and working there, thanks to freedom of movement in the EU. However, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) regularly surveys member states for migration data and publishes its findings. [1], Two Lutheran missionaries whose work later proved significant in the preservation of Aboriginal Australian languages such as Bangarla[2] and Kaurna,[3][4] Clamor Wilhelm Schrmann and Christian Gottlieb Teichelmann, arrived in Adelaide on the Pestonjee Bomanjee on 12 October 1838. I have added some information and some images. Please include their immediate offspring, as a complete family, but only those children who travelled. Where exactly they move to is difficult to track. That loathsome sight, England's New Poor Law prison. Hail! Around 1880, the number of German immigrants in Queensland had surpassed that of South Australia. The second thing I hoping you may be able to help with is - would there be a record of all the German residents in the Toowoomba/ Darling Downs area during the 1880s-1900 so that I could browse through to see if there are any possible family surnames that I could link to him? Brexit fears have failed to completely quell German migration to the UK, with more than 150,000 Germans living there. The records are held at Queensland State Archives. Study: Germany needs 260,000 immigrants a year to meet labor demand, Germany second-largest destination for migrants: OECD, 5 German-language media resources in non-German countries, OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), Ukraine updates: Russia says defense minister visits Donbas, Russian mercenary chief says Bakhmut almost fully encircled, Biden thanks Scholz for 'profound' German support on Ukraine. Captain Hahn, assisted this group in acquiring land in the Adelaide Hills, where they settled Hahndorf. Jordan and his successors including Richard Daintree, Thomas Archer and James Garrick, lured English, Welsh, Scots and Irish to migrate half way across the world to Queensland. Andrew Bonnell (Volume editor) Leave a message for others who see this profile. Cheers Ian. However, up until the early 1860s few German immigrants went to Queensland; Germans leaving Europe heard little about Australia's north, communications between the southern parts of Australia and the north were poor, people didn't have much experience with sub-tropical agriculture, and gold fever drew people to Victoria and New South Wales. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. For selected images from the collection of the Queensland State Archives, please see: Germans in Queensland. The first Queensland Government set up a committee under Dr John Dunmore Lang (head of the Presbyterian Church in Australia). English translation, 'German Settlement in Westbrook.'. Will wander still to some known spot, as if to hallow'd ground. Image APO-033-0001-0040, German Empire celebration at Enoggera, Brisbane 1908. During the late 1840's the "Northern Districts of New South Wales" began to agitate for separation from New South Wales; and, in 1851, a petition was sent to the Queen, urging the right of Moreton Bay to receive the same concession as had, in . Niles Elvery - Manager, Public Access . University of Queensland, Brisbane, in Erdmann C. Rural Settlements Founded by German Immigrants in South Australia and Queensland During the 19th Century. According to the 1901 Commonwealth Census, 38,352 Australians had been born in Germany. (18.09.2019), Chile, Namibia or the USA: For International Mother Language Day on February 21, we've compiled a list of five German-language media resources that can be found in places where German is not the native language. I will reply to your private message and look forward to sharing information about our family connections. (21.02.2017). Neg 20134, German settler and his family Rosewood Scrub ca. There are a number of reasons why German names are recorded inconsistently in Australian records. Scarce earn enough to buy the scantiest fare. Not here do starving crowds throng dense and deep. 1862 Jan. 30, Cesar Goddefroy (300), Hamburg. Inspiring possibilities through knowledge, stories and creativity. The first two German immigrant ships, Marbs and the Aurora, arrived on 22 March 1855 at Moreton Bay (Brisbane) direct from Hamburg, with almost 1000 German settlers, mainly from the Tauber River Valley in southern Germany. Dead Farm Files indicate that Manitzky and his family selected an agricultural farm of 80 acres in Teutoburg. I'll start looking for the passenger lists of 1887 ships. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. German Australians are one of the largest groups within the global German diaspora. When war broke out in 1914 this changed to outright hostility. Neg 188898, German family outside a farm building in the Bethania area, Queensland ca. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and their continuing connection to land and as custodians of stories for millennia. Almost 200,000 Germans live in the Alpine republic, with most moving to Vienna. classification system for alterations to German names which occurred after the bearers of those names immigrated to America.4 In his book German-American Names, George F. Jones articulates the popular notion that the name changes originated with the captains of the immigrant ships: When the immigrants boarded their ships at Each year Queensland State Archives celebrates Harmony Day by highlighting the contributions of a particular cultural group to Queenslands history. 1890. Then it's back to my England Project thing for another several profiles .. with the Source-a-Thon in the middle of that. He was able to offer immigrants attractive deals, including free ship's passage, good wages, and the right to select land to the value of 12 once their compulsory period of service (usually 2 years) to a local employer was over. Germany is known for being a good place to live and work in and therefore is more attractive for immigrants than ever. Queensland State Archives. Being in the EU, it's very easy for Germans to emigrate. Did you? Also during these years Chinese, Japanese and Melanesians were absorbed into the population although many of these later returned to their homelands. From 1850 until World War I, German settlers and their descendants comprised the largest non-British or Irish group of Europeans in Australia. you can add projects here. In 1885, two Lutheran (German) groups formed in Queensland, namely, the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Queensland, and the United German-Scandinavian Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Queensland. In 1861 there were only about 2,000 Germans in Queensland, and they were mainly in the cities, working as labourers and tradesmen. 1863 Aug. 10, Ulster (112), Hamburg. Neg 37027, Members of the Goethebund at Beenleigh ca. Neg 165980, Group of delegates to the Congress of German Baptist Churches, Marburg 1905. Great to hear from you Julie. Not sure if this is the right place to post this message so please re-direct me if there is a more appropriate place for it. Of wide-spread fertile plains, and mountains high; Of gentle breezes and salubrious clime, -. All other colonies were restricted to ports near their capitals. They worked in the vineyards belonging to John Macarthur's son William Macarthur in what is now Camden Park. "For twenty summers ripening," the mighty waves divide; 'T is more than earthly fondness we cherish for them now, -. We wish you joy, - Eden could yield no more. Dr. Asscheanfeldt, surgeon-superintendent and among whom are two Roman Catholic missionaries. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. Queensland, by far and away, held the majority of those Germany-born Australians with a total figure of 13,163. At first he farmed at Macclesfield before moving to Tanunda where he produced table wines. But we venerate its classic halls, its blight intelligence. Kind regards, Julie, Christian Batzloff was my 3x Great Grandfather. A contributor to a volume about Europes Expansions, she is currently researching German migrant identity and newspapers. Also included are the German Imperial War Ensign, the British White Ensign and the Maltese Cross, 1912. [10], Categories: Queensland, Immigrants from German Confederation, WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. William's son, Charles Batzloff was my Great Grandfather. All that is rich in record crowns our own, our native shore. Limit 20 per day. Neg 67294, Von Senden family. Neg 20711, Social gathering at the German Club, Brisbane ca. They may have travelled from Prenzlau, Uckermark, Brandenburg on the Cesar Godeffroy vessel arrived c1864; how they came to be at Westbrook and Toowoomba surrounds. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. Farm in the German settlement area in Westbrook, Queensland, ca. State Library of Queensland holds anumber of photographs documenting these German settlers and their influence on Queensland society. Kinnear winegrowers - April 1838 [ edit] The volume also analyses the role of other German travellers and visitors who have had an impact on the state. - But stop - wild fancy - why attempt to paint. Milman was established as a settlement by German immigrants, known as "The Alligator Creek Group" in 1910. His name was Henri Gustav August Roze and he ended up on a farm at Djuan, 50 km north of Toowoomba. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Photographs showing the way of life of German immigrants in early Queensland, 1959 - 1909. Hundreds of Germans followed their arrival in Australia. The group set sail for Australia, on 11 July 1841 on the Skjold. Von Senden was born in Holstein, Germany in 1852 and came to Australia in 1865. Wilhelm Kirchner, the Consul for Hamburg and for Prussia in Sydney, was not happy about Lord's actions, as he was already the official German immigration agent for NSW (which still included Moreton Bay). John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. I am interested in any information pertaining to Christian Batzloff, his wife Caroline Rogo (Rogge) and their Daughter Wlhelmine Erdman - Husband Frederick Erdman. Most of the old graves in Pimpama Island cemetery are of early Germans. Kalbar has a rich German history dating back to 1876, which is reflected in many historic sites and buildings around the township. After his death in 1863 the business was conducted by his son Ferdinand. On 23 July 1845 the royal government recognised the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Prussia and its congregations as legal entities. Kind regards, Judy. In the same year the Evangelical Church in the Royal Prussian Lands reinforced its self-conception as the Prussian State's church and renamed into Evangelical State Church of Prussia (German: Evangelische Landeskirche Preuens).To break this project in to States and minor Ethnic Groups could hinder its effectiveness, after tracing families, it has been noticed that: Profiles where the family originated from Prussia and Germany, including "via" other countries and settled in Australia. But I am more interested in the Batzloff/Erdman family from which I am most likely a descendant. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. They made up more than a quarter of the year's total immigration into what is now Queensland. Welsh travelers were subsumed within the English numbers. If this is weakness, be it so: the thoughts that know no bound. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. I noted in the passenger list that Henri emigrated with Free Nominated status. One of the first provisions made by the new Queensland Parliament in May 1860 was to encourage immigration to the vast land area encompassed by the newly declared colony. Neg 67294, Holzheimer farm at Bethania, Queensland ca. And hopes once blight now languish, or ye had not seen us here. This meant that several ports along the eastern coast established reception depots for immigrants with the result that Queensland was the only colony to populate its territory from towns stretching along the entire eastern seaboard. The Wappaus had sailed from Hamburg. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. For "thoughts that breathe, and words that burn" would fail, Welcome, then, strangers, to our Eden shore, -. I too have been busy so a bit quiet, but hope to get back to it soon as I can. Even though the bulk of German immigrants settled in southern Queensland rural regions, other small communities were established throughout the huge State of Queensland. From the 1850's onward many German migrants left their ancestral country to settle in the new colony of Queensland. One of the first provisions made by the new Queensland Parliament in May 1860 was to encourage immigration to the vast land area encompassed by the newly declared colony. On 28 October 1841, 213 emigrants from Prussia arrived at Port Misery in South Australia. Relations are generally close, although Germans are often mocked as Piefke, a derogatory slur dating back to the Austro-Prussian war, or sometimes Marmeladinger, from Germany's comparatively poor WWI rations. They had nine children.[5]. The group was composed of Lutheran immigrants who had left their homeland escaping what they considered to be religious persecution at the hands of Prussian King Frederick William III, mainly because of their rejection of Prussian state enforcement of a new prayer book for church services. Thought they'd only lost a couple of babies, but it turns out they lost SIX (out of 12). German Immigration. I have not stopped work on this .. 23 Johann Christian Heussler Advertisement in Moreton Bay Courier, November 1854: GERMAN IMMIGRATION (arrived 5 September [7]) Sailed from the mouth of the river Elbe on 26 May 1863 with 510 passengers. German immigrants settled in the period after 1860 in the area adjacent to the present intersection of Hamilton and Webster Roads. Text is in German. I also proposed the merge. (The surviving kids can wait, as I still need to track down marriages and their kids.) Henri landed one year prior to that run. Registers of immigrant ships arrivals in Queensland ports, Assisted immigration 1848 to 1912 - U to V, Assisted immigration 1848 to 1912 - X to Z, Assisted immigration 1848 to 1912 - combined, Assisted immigration 1848 to 1912 - combined JSON, https://www.archivessearch.qld.gov.au/series/S13086. strangers, hail! 2008 - 2023 INTERESTING.COM, INC. 1913. On a trip beset with sickness, 55 people, mainly young children and the elderly, died. 1861-1891 Maryborough, Queensland Australia Immigrants from the British Isles & Germany 1861-1891 Index ($) 1864-1949 Australia, Queensland, Immigration indexes, 1864-1949 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index. The volume also analyses the role of other German travellers and visitors who have had an impact on the state. However, they do sometimes have to deal with the Dutchasking them to return their bikes (fleeing Nazi soldiers took anything with wheels to escape during WWII). Also it is understood that Wilhelmine remarried to Christina Werner. Neg 62478, Herr Von Ploennies, the Queensland Consul for Germany, married on 9 April 1901. WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. 1896. Migrabase - German Emigration Database has about 105,000 entries from miscellaneous sources Emigration from Banat This database is taken from US Customs and Immigration passenger ship records prior to World War I. Germans were often keen to integrate into their new homeland and deliberately anglicised their given and/or family names; for example, Gaertner might have become Gardener, Muller/Miller, and Johann/John. And heaven insult by making want a crime. German immigrants were prominent in settling South Australia and Queensland. (The two Lutheran churches reunited in 1967.) Its castles, towers, its palaces, its legendary lore . 1896 Script under photograph reads: 'Deutsch Besitzung in Westbrook.' Queensland Name Studies on WikiTree Can you add Profiles to these Name Studies? Name listed as Henry Roye. Prussian Settlement in Australia - German Australians Project, Tips For Researching Prussian and German Settlers in Australia, Prussian and German Settlement in South Australia, http://www.germanaustralia.com/e/queensland.htm, Category: MIgrants from Prussia to Queensland, Queensland, Immigrants from German Confederation, Australia - Assisted and Bounty Immigrants, Wikipedia - List of Australian Place Names Changed From German Names, http://www.germanaustralia.com/e/chron/chron3.htm, http://oa.anu.edu.au/obituary/heussler-johann-christian-john-15534/text26748, Germans in Queensland - history in pictures, https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Prussian_Settlement_in_Australia_-_German_Australians, Prussian Settlement in Australia - German_Australians, https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Merkara%2C_Arrived_6_Apr_1888, https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Heloise%2C_Immigrant_Voyage_to_South_Australia_1846_to_1847, https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Immigrants_to_Queensland_from_Germany.
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